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K-pop (an abbreviation of Korean pop;〔 ) is a musical genre originating in South Korea that is characterized by a wide variety of audiovisual elements. Although it comprises all genres of "popular music" within South Korea, the term is more often used in a narrower sense to describe a modern form of South Korean pop music covering a wide range of styles including: dance-pop, pop ballad, electronic, rock, metal, hip-hop music and R&B. In 1992, modern K-pop was ushered in with the formation of Seo Taiji and Boys, whose successful experimentation with different music styles had sparked a paradigm shift in the music industry of South Korea. As a result, the integration of foreign musical elements has now become a common practice in the K-pop industry. First gaining popularity in East Asia in the late 1990s, K-pop entered the Japanese music market towards the turn of the 21st century. In the late 2000s, it grew from a musical genre into a subculture among teenagers and young adults of East and Southeast Asia.〔"(South Korea’s pop-cultural exports )", ''The Economist''〕 Currently, the spread of K-pop to other regions of the world, via the Korean Wave, is seen in parts of Latin America,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gxOWILlKeDQpqipMWx9fIFnKMVEA?docId=CNG.2675b7fded96e2e3c9f9668042c6fbc4.551 )〕 Northeast India,〔 North Africa,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/korean-pop-culture-spreads-cairo )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/egyptian-korean-ties-endorsed-through-pop-idol-competition )〕 the Middle East, Eastern Europe〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.warsawvoice.pl/WVpage/pages/article.php/23936/article )〕 and immigrant enclaves of the Western world.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.theoneshots.com/2013/02/black-is-the-new-k-pop-interview-with-black-k-pop-fans/ )〕 Korean pop culture is becoming an increasingly global phenomenon, caused in part by the K-pop industry's adeptness at tapping into social networking services and the video sharing platform YouTube.〔Yoon, Lina. (2010-08-26) "(K-Pop Online: Korean Stars Go Global with Social Media )". ''Time''. Retrieved 2011-02-20.〕 Since the mid-2000s, the K-pop music market has experienced double digit growth rates. In the first half of 2012, it grossed nearly US$3.4 billion〔 and was recognized by ''Time'' magazine as "South Korea's Greatest Export". ==Overview== The hallmarks of K-pop are: *Diversity of audiovisual content: Although K-pop generally refers to South Korean popular music, some consider it to be an all-encompassing genre exhibiting a vast spectrum of musical and visual elements. The French audiovisual organization Institut national de l'audiovisuel defines K-pop as a fusion of synthesized music, sharp dance routines and fashionable, colorful outfits combining bubblegum pop with the musical elements of electro, disco, rock, R&B, and hip-hop. *Systematic training of singers: The larger management agencies in South Korea offer binding contracts to children starting from age 9 to 10. Trainees live together in a tightly regulated environment and spend many hours a day learning music, choreography, foreign languages and communication techniques with fans and journalists. This "robotic" system of training is often criticized by Western media outlets.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/10/27/2011102700691.html )〕 In 2012, the cost of training a single member from SM Entertainment's nine-member band Girls' Generation averaged US$3 million. *Synchronized dance formations and key movements in the choreography: When performing K-pop music, multiple singers in a band, often made up of more than three members, switch their positions while singing and dancing by making prompt movements in synchrony.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://sarangkpop.tistory.com/entry/유튜브-센세이션-그루브네이션Groove-Nation과-인터뷰 )〕 The K-pop choreography often includes a hooking, repetitive dance that matches the characteristics of the lyrics of the song.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.asiaone.com/News/Latest%2BNews/Asia/Story/A1Story20110822-295555.html )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?biid=2013041629988 )〕 *Rapid distribution via the Internet: As the South Korean music industry is comparatively small, songs are released onto national television and simultaneously uploaded onto YouTube to reach out to a worldwide audience. This is often preceded by a series of eagerly anticipated announcements and promotional activities referred to as a "comeback", which altogether generates a significant amount of hype and excitement before the official release of songs and music videos. *Support of government agencies: The South Korean government has acknowledged that an increased interest in South Korean popular culture will benefit the country's export sector. According to government estimates, a US$100 increase in the export of cultural products results in a US$412 increase in the export of other consumer goods. Government initiatives to expand the popularity of K-pop are mostly undertaken by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, which is responsible for the establishment of dozens of Korean Cultural Centers worldwide. Embassies and consulates of South Korea have also participated in the planning and organization of K-pop concerts outside the country,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/01/05/hallyu-highlight-korea-indonesia-ties-march.html )〕 and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs regularly invites overseas K-pop fans to attend the annual K-Pop World Festival in South Korea. *Dedicated fanbase: Fan activities include translating Korean song lyrics and publishing them in English and other languages. An article by ''The Wall Street Journal'' indicated that K-pop’s staying power will be shaped by fans, whose online services have partly evolved into "micro"-businesses and small-scale ventures. It is common for fans to organize flash mobs at prominent public areas via Facebook, performing and dancing to the latest K-pop songs so that a concert would be held.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2012/10/143_87164.html )〕 Others have turned to other avenues such as calling the local South Korean consulate or embassy to request a concert. While the roots of K-pop run all the way back to the 19th century, it was mostly contained within the Korean Peninsula until the 21st century when it became an integral part of the Korean Wave; a newly coined term describing the rise and spread of South Korean culture first across Asia, and then to the West and to other parts of the world. According to a 2011 survey conducted by the Korean Culture and Information Service, the total number of active members in Hallyu (Korean Wave) fan clubs around the world is estimated to have surpassed 3 million for the first time. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「K-pop」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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